Anthrax
Introduction Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, gram-positive rod. The spores of B. anthracis can […]
Microbiology III Yr
Leprosy
Introduction Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This intracellular bacterium primarily affects
Epidemiological markers of micro-organisms serotyping, bacteriophage and bacteriocin typing method
Epidemiology, the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations, plays a crucial role in understanding the
Toxin-Antitoxin Assay and pathogenicity tests
The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is a stress-response system used by bacteria. It comprises two components: the toxin, which can inhibit
Preparation and standardisation of vaccines and immunization
Preparation and Standardization of Vaccines and Immunization Schedules Vaccines are one of the most critical tools in public health, preventing