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Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 (IL-1). CRP plays Read More …
Introduction The Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test is a vital diagnostic tool for measuring antibodies produced against Streptolysin O (SLO), a cytotoxic enzyme secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. These antibodies indicate exposure Read More …
Introduction The Widal test is a serological diagnostic method widely used to identify typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever. The bacteria Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi cause these diseases. The Read More …
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections commonly transmitted through sexual activity. Various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can cause them. Effective laboratory diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management, treatment, Read More …
Introduction Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It has significant health implications due to its potential to cause severe complications if left Read More …