Introduction The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests are confirmatory tests for syphilis after a non-treponemal test (such as VDRL) shows a READ MORE ………….
TPHA and FTA-ABS
Category: Microbiology III Yr
C-Reactive Protein
Introduction C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein produced mainly by the liver in response to inflammation. CRP levels increase READ MORE ………….
Epidemiological markers of micro-organisms serotyping, bacteriophage and bacteriocin typing method
Introduction Epidemiology, the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations, plays a crucial role in understanding READ MORE ………….
ASO Test
Introduction The Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test is a vital diagnostic tool for measuring antibodies produced against Streptolysin O (SLO), a READ MORE ………….
Toxin–Antitoxin Assay and Pathogenicity Tests
Introduction Microorganisms cause disease through various virulence factors. Toxins are one of the most important virulence factors produced by bacteria. READ MORE ………….