Introduction Animal cell culture is the process of growing animal cells in vitro under controlled laboratory conditions. In virology, cell culture systems are indispensable for isolating, propagating, and studying viruses. Read More …
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Embryonated eggs in clinical virology
Embryonated eggs have been a cornerstone in clinical virology for decades, particularly for isolating and cultivating viruses that cannot be cultured in standard cell lines or require specific conditions for Read More …
Positive staining technique for virology
Introduction Positive staining is widely used in virology, especially for electron microscopy (EM), to stain virus particles and enhance their visibility directly. Unlike negative staining, which highlights the background, positive Read More …
Preparation and Standardization of Antigen and Antisera
The preparation and standardization of antigens and antisera are essential in immunology, particularly in developing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and research applications. These processes ensure the reliability and reproducibility of immune Read More …
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and other mycobacteria plays a critical role in identifying drug resistance patterns and guiding the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other mycobacterial Read More …