Fibrinolysis
Introduction Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the liver. It is an essential component of the coagulation […]
BMLT III Yr
Automation in clinical biochemistry
Introduction Automation in clinical biochemistry refers to using advanced technologies, robotic systems, and computerized equipment to perform routine and specialized
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Organization
A clinical biochemistry laboratory plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases by analyzing body fluids like blood, urine,
Management and maintenance in a clinical biochemistry laboratory
Efficient record management and maintenance in a clinical biochemistry laboratory are essential for ensuring the accuracy of diagnostics, compliance with
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Introduction Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a diagnostic procedure widely used in medical practice to assess lesions and masses.
Cytology - III Yr
Hormonal Assessment with Cytological Techniques and Sex Chromatin Analysis
Introduction Hormonal assessment is critical to understanding physiological and pathological conditions in the human body. Cytological techniques are pivotal in
TPHA and FTA-ABS
Introduction The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests are confirmatory tests for syphilis after a non-treponemal test (such as VDRL) shows a
Microbiology III Yr, Medical Microbiology, Pathology – II - 2nd Yr
VDRL Test
Introduction The VDRL test was developed as a screening test for syphilis and is particularly used to detect secondary syphilis
Microbiology III Yr
Cold Agglutination Test
Introduction The Cold Agglutination Test detects cold agglutinins (antibodies) in a patient’s blood, which cause RBCs to agglutinate at temperatures
Microbiology III Yr
Rose-Waaler Brucella Agglutination Test
Introduction The Rose-Waaler Brucella Agglutination Test is a serological test detecting Brucella-specific antibodies in human serum. Brucella species are intracellular
C-reactive protein
Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, especially interleukin-6
Biochemistry III Yr
Gastric analysis
Introduction Gastric analysis involves the collection of gastric contents from the stomach, followed by its analysis to measure parameters such
Biochemistry III Yr
Xylose Absorption Test
Introduction The Xylose Absorption Test involves the oral administration of D-xylose, a simple sugar absorbed directly from the small intestine
Biochemistry III Yr
Insulin Tolerance Test
Introduction The Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) involves administering a controlled dose of insulin and measuring the body’s response, particularly the
Biochemistry III Yr
Glucose Tolerance Test
Introduction The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is commonly used to detect impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), gestational diabetes, and diabetes mellitus.
Biochemistry III Yr
Determination of Barbiturates
Introduction Barbiturates are synthetic drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, producing effects ranging from mild sedation to deep
Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test
Introduction The Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test is a vital diagnostic tool for measuring antibodies produced against Streptolysin O (SLO), a
Biochemistry III Yr
17-Ketosteroids
Introduction 17-Ketosteroids are steroids that have a 17-keto group. These are metabolites of sex hormones like testosterone and androstenedione, produced
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation, resulting in microvascular thrombi formation, consumption
Biochemistry III Yr
Chloride
Introduction Chloride (Cl⁻) is the major extracellular anion in the body, essential for maintaining fluid balance, acid-base equilibrium, and electrical
Biochemistry III Yr
Calcium
Introduction Calcium is an essential mineral in the body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction,
Biochemistry III Yr
Inorganic phosphate
Introduction Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is vital in numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, bone mineralization, and acid-base balance. It is
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGPT
Introduction Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is a liver enzyme primarily involved in amino
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGOT
Introduction SGOT is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to form
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
HDL Cholesterol
Introduction HDL cholesterol represents a fraction of total serum cholesterol carried by HDL particles. HDL particles are small, dense, and
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
Triglycerides
Introduction Triglycerides are esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids, serving as the primary storage form of fat in
Biochemistry III Yr
Serum bilirubin
Introduction The Serum bilirubin test is a crucial diagnostic tool to evaluate the health of the liver, bile ducts, and
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
Serum creatinine
Introduction Serum creatinine is a key biochemical parameter used to evaluate renal function. Creatinine is a waste product formed by
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation,
Cervical cytology
Cervical Cytology Cervical cytology is a diagnostic and screening method to evaluate cellular changes in the cervix. It is primarily