Introduction Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters at an alkaline pH, releasing inorganic phosphate. It is present in various tissues, including the liver, Read More …
Alkaline phosphatase
Category: BMLT III Yr
Hypersensitivity
Introduction Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen (allergen) that leads to tissue damage and pathological conditions. These responses occur when the immune system reacts too Read More …
Immunoglobulins
Introduction The immune system is a sophisticated defense network that protects the body from infections and diseases. The humoral immune response, a critical arm of the adaptive immune system, relies Read More …
Laboratory Diagnosis of Superficial Dermatophyte Infections
Superficial dermatophyte infections involve the skin, hair, or nails and are caused by dermatophytes belonging to genera such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Laboratory diagnosis relies on microscopy, culture, and Read More …
Analysis of calculi
Introduction Calculi (stones) are hard deposits formed from minerals and organic materials that precipitate in the body. These deposits commonly occur in the kidneys, urinary tract, gallbladder, salivary glands, and Read More …