Laboratory Safety
General Laboratory Safety Personal Protective Equipment: Lab Coats: Protects clothing and skin from spills and splashes. Gloves: Necessary when handling […]
MMLT I Yr
Haemolytic anaemia
Introduction Haemolytic anaemia occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed prematurely at a rate faster than they can be
Iron deficiency anaemia
Introduction Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the body’s iron stores are insufficient to meet the demands of red blood cell
Anaemia
Definition of Anaemia Anaemia is a reduction in the quantity or functionality of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in
Composition and Functions of Blood
Introduction Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting
Determination of Clotting Time
AIM: Determination of Clotting Time Capillary method Principle The principle behind the capillary method is that blood, when exposed to
Determination of Bleeding Time
AIM: Determination of Bleeding Time Duke Method Principle: The Duke method is a simple test to measure the time taken
Determination of DLC
AIM: Determination of Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC) Principle The DLC is based on the microscopic examination of a blood smear
Determination of PCV
AIM: Determination of PCV (Packed Cell Volume), also known as hematocrit (HCT) Microhematocrit Method Principle The principle of the microhematocrit
Determination of Total Leukocyte Count
AIM: Determination of Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) Principle The glacial acetic acid lyses the red cells while the gentian violet
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
AIM: Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Principle The ESR is based on the principle of gravity and the aggregation
Determination of Hemoglobin
AIM: Determination of Hemoglobin Principle of Sahli’s method When blood is added to 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, hemoglobin is converted
Determination of Malaria Parasites
Determination of Malaria Parasites The thick blood smear concentrates Plasmodium parasites, making them easier to detect, while the thin smear
Handling and disposal of infected and dangerous radioactive materials
Introduction Handling and disposal of infected and dangerous radioactive materials is a highly specialised process that requires strict adherence to
Quality control of a clinical biochemistry laboratory
Introduction The Quality control of a clinical biochemistry laboratory is an essential part of modern healthcare, offering critical data that
Hazards in Clinical Biochemistry
Hazards in Clinical Biochemistry Hazards in Clinical biochemistry involves the analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood and urine, to
Light Microscope
Working Principle The light microscope functions on the principle of magnification through visible light. When light is focused on the
Basic Histology I Yr, Medical Histopathology
Compound Microscope
Introduction A compound microscope is a sophisticated instrument that requires careful handling and maintenance to function effectively. By understanding its
Morphology and Life Cycle of Malaria Protozoa
Introduction Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. It is transmitted primarily through
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis (from Greek: haima = blood, poiesis = formation) is the complex, lifelong process of blood cell production and
TPHA and FTA-ABS
Introduction The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests are confirmatory tests for syphilis after a non-treponemal test (such as VDRL) shows a
Microbiology III Yr, Medical Microbiology, Pathology – II - 2nd Yr
VDRL Test
Introduction The VDRL test was developed as a screening test for syphilis and is particularly used to detect secondary syphilis
C-reactive protein
Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, especially interleukin-6
Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test
Introduction The Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test is a vital diagnostic tool for measuring antibodies produced against Streptolysin O (SLO), a
Medical Helminthology
Introduction Medical Helminthology is a branch of parasitology that studies helminths, parasitic worms that cause human diseases. Helminths are multicellular,
Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
Malaria diagnosis is a critical step in managing the disease, particularly in endemic areas where timely and accurate detection can
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation, resulting in microvascular thrombi formation, consumption
Collection, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Samples for Viral Diagnosis
Introduction Accurate and timely viral diagnosis relies heavily on properly handling clinical specimens from collection to laboratory processing. The integrity
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation,
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi, Antibiotics are drugs used to treat