Biomedical waste management
Introduction Biomedical waste includes infectious, pathological, chemical, pharmaceutical, radioactive, and sharps waste produced during healthcare activities. Why BMW management is […]
BMLT I Yr
Surface Tension
Introduction Surface tension is the force that causes the surface of a liquid to behave like a stretched elastic membrane.It
Preparation of reagents and standard solutions
Introduction In biochemistry, reagents and standard solutions are not merely chemical mixtures—they are analytical tools that enable quantification, calibration, and
Osmosis
Introduction Osmosis is the movement of water or solvent molecules from a region of low solute concentration to a region
Dialysis
Introduction Dialysis is one of the most remarkable applications of biochemical and physiological principles used in modern medicine. It is
Introduction to hematology and Laboratory Organization
Introduction Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
Buffer Solutions
Introduction Buffer solutions are special solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Radioisotope
Introduction Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation during decay. They are widely used in medical
Storage of chemicals
Introduction Storage of chemicals is an essential part of laboratory safety and management. Proper chemical storage helps maintain the stability,
Analytical Balance
Introduction An analytical balance is a highly sensitive instrument used to measure the mass of substances with great accuracy and
Preparation and storage of distilled water
Introduction Distilled water is the purest form of water commonly used in laboratories, hospitals, and industries. It is completely free
Cleaning and Care of General Laboratory Glassware and Equipment
Introduction In any biochemical or medical laboratory, the accuracy and reliability of analytical results are directly dependent on the cleanliness
Laboratory First aid (accidents)
Introduction Accidents in a medical or biochemical laboratory can occur at any time due to chemicals, glassware, heat sources, or
Laboratory Ethics
Introduction Medical Laboratory Ethics refers to the moral principles, standards, and practices that guide the behaviour and decision-making of professionals
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
Introduction Medical microbiology is a branch of microbiology that studies microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that cause
Laboratory instruments and equipments
Introduction Medical laboratory instruments and equipment play a vital role in the accurate diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. These
Processing histological tissues for paraffin embedding
Introduction Processing histological tissues for paraffin embedding is a fundamental technique in histopathology and biomedical research. This process is essential
Care and handling of laboratory animals
Introduction Care and handling of laboratory animals requires careful attention to ethical standards, health, welfare, and scientific integrity. Proper care
Principle of staining methods in the microbiology lab
Introduction The principle of staining methods in the microbiology lab, like Gram staining, is a fundamental laboratory technique used to
Laboratory organization, management, recording of results and quality control in microbiology
Introduction Organising, managing, recording results, and implementing stringent quality control in microbiology labs are vital to producing reliable and reproducible
Decalcification
Introduction Decalcification is a critical preparatory step in histology, particularly for hard tissues such as bone and teeth, which contain
Fixatives
Introduction A histological fixative is a chemical substance used to preserve biological tissues from decay, maintaining the structure of cells
Anticoagulants
Introduction Anticoagulants play a crucial role in ensuring that blood samples remain in a fluid state for testing, storage, and
Introduction to Histopathology
Introduction Introduction of Histopathology is the branch of pathology involving microscopic examination of biological tissues to observe the appearance of
Formation of Blood
Introduction Formation of blood or hematopoiesis is the process by which all types of blood cells are produced and developed
Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry
Introduction Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry is a specialised branch of laboratory medicine that focuses on the measurement of biochemical substances
Laboratory Safety
General Laboratory Safety Personal Protective Equipment: Lab Coats: Protects clothing and skin from spills and splashes. Gloves: Necessary when handling
Composition and Functions of Blood
Introduction Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting
pH and pH meter
Introduction pH and pH meter measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, defined as the negative logarithm (base 10)
Determination of Clotting Time
AIM: Determination of Clotting Time Capillary method Principle The principle behind the capillary method is that blood, when exposed to