Electrophoresis
Introduction Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, or proteins using an electric […]
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Chromatography
Introduction Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture
Topoisomerase
Topoisomerase DNA is not just a straight ladder — in the cell, it’s supercoiled, twisted, and packed tightly. Whenever DNA
Structure and Function of DNA
Introduction DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the fundamental molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms, from the simplest
Anticoagulants
Introduction Anticoagulants play a crucial role in ensuring that blood samples remain in a fluid state for testing, storage, and
Preparation of 200 mL of 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol
Introduction In histopathology, the use of alcohol solutions is crucial for preserving and fixing biological tissues. Alcohol, specifically ethyl alcohol,
Introduction to Histopathology
Introduction Introduction of Histopathology is the branch of pathology involving microscopic examination of biological tissues to observe the appearance of
Thalassemia
Introduction Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterised by reduced or absent production of one of the globin
Purpura Disease
Purpura Disease Purpura refers to the appearance of purple or red spots on the skin or mucous membranes caused by
Thrombocyte Disorder
Thrombocyte Disorder Thrombocyte disorders are disorders affecting platelets (thrombocytes), the blood cells primarily involved in clot formation. These disorders can
ESR
AIM: Determination of ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) by the LANDAU Method Principles The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Introduction Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is a condition that arises when there is incompatibility between the blood of
Leukaemia
Leukaemia Leukaemia is a type of cancer originating in the hematopoietic tissues, particularly the bone marrow, leading to the overproduction
Sickle cell anemia
Introduction Sickle cell anemia is a serious genetic disorder of the blood where the red blood cells (RBCs) become abnormally
Pernicious anaemia
Introduction Pernicious anaemia is a chronic, autoimmune condition resulting in vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency occurs because of the inability
Aplastic Anemia
Introduction Aplastic anaemia is a rare and potentially life-threatening hematologic condition characterised by bone marrow failure. The bone marrow, which is responsible
Determination of Sample Size
Determination of Sample Size Determining the correct sample size is a critical aspect of any research study. The sample size
Variables
Variables Variables are fundamental elements in research that allow researchers to measure, analyse, and understand relationships between different factors. In
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research Qualitative research focuses on understanding the depth and richness of human experiences, behaviours, and social phenomena. It is
Research on diagnostic tests
Introduction Research on diagnostic tests plays a crucial role in healthcare, as it helps to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy
Study design options in medical and health research
Study design options in medical and health research Study design options in medical and health research refer to the various
Planning the Measurements in Research
Planning the Measurements in Research Measurement in research involves assigning numbers or labels to variables to assess them. It is
Formulation of Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
Formulation of Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses In the realm of academic research, especially in fields like health and social
Literature Review
Literature Review A literature review is a critical synthesis of existing research and information relevant to a particular research topic
Identification and Prioritisation of Research Problems/Areas
Identification and Prioritisation of Research Problems/Areas Identifying and prioritising research problems or areas is one of the foundational steps in
Introduction to Health Research
Introduction to Health Research Health research is an essential and integral field of scientific inquiry that aims to understand, analyse,
Free and Total acidity of gastric juice
Introduction To estimate basal and maximal acid output (BAO and MAO) of gastric juice by determining free and total acidity
Connective Tissue
General feature The term connective tissue (CT) is applied to a tissue that fills the interstices between more specialized elements.
Interference Microscope
Introduction An interference microscope is an advanced optical instrument that utilizes the principles of light interference to enhance image contrast
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Introduction Beta-oxidation of fatty acids is the metabolic pathway by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria (and