Trichomonas vaginalis
Introduction Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). […]
BMLT I Yr
Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia
Introduction Intestinal protozoa infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica (responsible for amoebiasis) and Giardia lamblia (causing giardiasis) are significant public health
Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis
Introduction Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis) is a protozoan parasite and one of the most
Collection, Preservation, and Processing of Samples for Parasitic Diagnosis
Parasitic infections can cause various diseases in humans, affecting various body systems. Accurate diagnosis of these infections is crucial for
Collection, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Samples for Viral Diagnosis
Introduction Accurate and timely viral diagnosis relies heavily on properly handling clinical specimens from collection to laboratory processing. The integrity
Biochemistry I Yr
Preparation of Solutions and different type of concentrations in a Biochemistry Lab
Introduction laboratory, there are five main methods used for calculating and preparing solutions. Concentration in moles per liter, molar concentration,
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi, Antibiotics are drugs used to treat
Principles of Antigen Antibody reactions
Introduction Antigen-antibody reactions are the cornerstone of the immune system’s ability to recognize and neutralize foreign invaders. When an antigen
General characters and nature of antigens and antibodies
Antigens Antigens are molecules that the immune system identifies as foreign, prompting it to initiate a response to neutralize or
Collection processing and staining of the Cytologic specimen
Collection of Cytologic Specimens Purpose and Importance: The accuracy of cytological diagnoses heavily relies on collecting adequate, representative samples from
Exfoliative cytology studies of cells
Exfoliative cytology studies of cells that are shed or scraped from body surfaces. It is a non-invasive diagnostic technique primarily
Uses of controls in various staining procedures
Introduction Using controls ensures histological staining results’ accuracy, consistency, and reliability. By using controls, histologists and pathologists can confirm that
Hematology I Yr, Pathology – I - 2nd Yr
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a crucial medical diagnostic tool, especially for neurological conditions. The analysis of CSF can provide valuable
Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal System
The skeletal system is a complex network of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that provide structural support and protection for