Cold Agglutination Test
Introduction The Cold Agglutination Test detects cold agglutinins (antibodies) in a patient’s blood, which cause RBCs to agglutinate at temperatures […]
Microbiology III Yr
BMLT
Microbiology III Yr
Rose-Waaler Brucella Agglutination Test
Introduction The Rose-Waaler Brucella Agglutination Test is a serological test detecting Brucella-specific antibodies in human serum. Brucella species are intracellular
C-reactive protein
Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, especially interleukin-6
Biochemistry III Yr
Gastric analysis
Introduction Gastric analysis involves the collection of gastric contents from the stomach, followed by its analysis to measure parameters such
Biochemistry III Yr
Xylose Absorption Test
Introduction The Xylose Absorption Test involves the oral administration of D-xylose, a simple sugar absorbed directly from the small intestine
Biochemistry III Yr
Insulin Tolerance Test
Introduction The Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) involves administering a controlled dose of insulin and measuring the body’s response, particularly the
Biochemistry III Yr
Glucose Tolerance Test
Introduction The Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is commonly used to detect impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), gestational diabetes, and diabetes mellitus.
Biochemistry III Yr
Determination of Barbiturates
Introduction Barbiturates are synthetic drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, producing effects ranging from mild sedation to deep
Diphyllobothrium latum
Diphyllobothrium latum, commonly known as the broad fish tapeworm, is one of the largest tapeworm species infecting humans. It primarily
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis nana, commonly known as the dwarf tapeworm, is a parasitic tapeworm that primarily infects humans and is one of
Echinococcus
Echinococcus is a genus of parasitic tapeworms belonging to the family Taeniidae, and it causes a disease known as echinococcosis
Taenia solium
Taenia is a genus of parasitic flatworms, or tapeworms, responsible for taeniasis in humans. The genus includes two main species:
Trichinella spiralis
Habitat Definitive Habitat: The adult worms of Trichinella spiralis reside in the mucosa of the small intestine of their hosts,
Dracunculus
Dracunculus is a genus of parasitic nematodes that cause dracunculiasis (also known as Guinea worm disease). The disease is transmitted
Filariae
Filariae are a group of parasitic nematodes (roundworms) responsible for various human diseases known as filarial infections. The diseases caused
Trypanosomes
Trypanosomes are flagellated protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma, responsible for various diseases in humans and animals. The most notable
Leishmania
Leishmania is a genus of parasitic protozoa responsible for a group of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. These diseases are
Laboratory Animals in Viral Culture
Introduction Using laboratory animals in viral culture has been critical in virology research, particularly for studying viral pathogenesis, vaccine development,
Virology - II Yr
Animal cell culture and their use in virology
Introduction Animal cell culture is the process of growing animal cells in vitro under controlled laboratory conditions. In virology, cell
Virology - II Yr
Embryonated eggs in clinical virology
Embryonated eggs have been a cornerstone in clinical virology for decades, particularly for isolating and cultivating viruses that cannot be
Virology - II Yr
Positive staining technique for virology
Introduction Positive staining is widely used in virology, especially for electron microscopy (EM), to stain virus particles and enhance their
Microbiology II Yr
Preparation and Standardization of Antigen and Antisera
The preparation and standardization of antigens and antisera are essential in immunology, particularly in developing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and research
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and other mycobacteria plays a critical role in identifying drug resistance patterns
Assay Methods for Body Fluids
Assaying body fluids involves detecting and quantifying various analytes, including cells, proteins, metabolites, electrolytes, hormones, and microorganisms. These tests are
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing (AST) is crucial for determining the susceptibility of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to various antimicrobial agents. It helps
Biochemical Tests for Bacteria and Fungi
Biochemical Tests for Bacteria Biochemical tests help to identify bacteria by evaluating their metabolic properties, enzymatic activity, and reaction to
Laboratory Contaminants
Common bacteriology Laboratory Contaminants In bacteriology labs, it is crucial to differentiate between true pathogens and common contaminants. Contaminants are
Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test
Introduction The Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test is a vital diagnostic tool for measuring antibodies produced against Streptolysin O (SLO), a
Biochemistry III Yr
17-Ketosteroids
Introduction 17-Ketosteroids are steroids that have a 17-keto group. These are metabolites of sex hormones like testosterone and androstenedione, produced
Nocardia
Introduction Nocardia is a genus of aerobic, gram-positive, partially acid-fast, branching filamentous bacteria found in soil, decaying organic matter, and