Triglycerides
Introduction Triglycerides are esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids, serving as the primary storage form of fat in […]
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
BMLT
Biochemistry III Yr
Serum bilirubin
Introduction The Serum bilirubin test is a crucial diagnostic tool to evaluate the health of the liver, bile ducts, and
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
Serum creatinine
Introduction Serum creatinine is a key biochemical parameter used to evaluate renal function. Creatinine is a waste product formed by
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation,
Cervical cytology
Cervical Cytology Cervical cytology is a diagnostic and screening method to evaluate cellular changes in the cervix. It is primarily
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections commonly transmitted through sexual activity. Various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can cause
Gonorrhea
Introduction Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It has significant health implications
Syphilis
Introduction Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact but can also
Museum technique
Museum techniques in histopathology are meticulous procedures used to preserve, display, and maintain biological specimens for long-term use in educational,
Ultramicrotomy
Ultramicrotomy is a precision technique used in electron microscopy to prepare ultra-thin slices (sections) of specimens. These thin sections are
Electron microscope
Electron microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that uses electron beams instead of light to achieve high-resolution images of specimens
Enzyme histochemistry demonstration
Enzyme histochemistry is a method for localizing and visualizing enzymatic activities within tissue sections. Here’s a detailed overview of the
Neuropathology techniques
Neuropathology techniques involve specialized methodologies for examining central and peripheral nervous system tissues, primarily to diagnose diseases such as tumors,
Tissue requiring special treatment i.e eye ball, B.M. biopsy
In histopathology, certain tissues require specialized treatment due to their unique composition or sensitivity to degradation. These tissues include the
Candida
Introduction Candida is a genus of yeast-like fungi that is commonly found in the human microbiota, particularly in the mucous
Typhoid Fever
Introduction Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium primarily affecting humans. It is transmitted
Anthrax
Introduction Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, gram-positive rod. The spores of B. anthracis can
Chlamydia
Chlamydia species are significant pathogens responsible for various infections, especially in the urogenital and respiratory tracts. Understanding their characteristics, pathogenic
Rickettsia
Rickettsia species are significant pathogens that cause febrile illnesses, often transmitted by arthropod vectors. Understanding their characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi
Principles and mode of action of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents for bacteria and fungi, Antibiotics are drugs used to treat
Principles of Antigen Antibody reactions
Introduction Antigen-antibody reactions are the cornerstone of the immune system’s ability to recognize and neutralize foreign invaders. When an antigen
General characters and nature of antigens and antibodies
Antigens Antigens are molecules that the immune system identifies as foreign, prompting it to initiate a response to neutralize or
Collection processing and staining of the Cytologic specimen
Collection of Cytologic Specimens Purpose and Importance: The accuracy of cytological diagnoses heavily relies on collecting adequate, representative samples from
Exfoliative cytology studies of cells
Exfoliative cytology studies of cells that are shed or scraped from body surfaces. It is a non-invasive diagnostic technique primarily
Leprosy
Introduction Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This intracellular bacterium primarily affects
Laboratory Tests for Assessing Bleeding Disorders
Assessing bleeding disorders involves various laboratory tests to evaluate the hemostatic process. These tests can help determine the nature of
Cytochemical staining procedures
Cytochemical staining procedures are essential laboratory techniques for diagnosing and classifying hematopoietic disorders, including leukemias and other blood-related diseases. These
Laboratory investigations of megaloblastic anaemia
Introduction Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of abnormally large, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts)
Epidemiological markers of micro-organisms serotyping, bacteriophage and bacteriocin typing method
Epidemiology, the study of how diseases affect the health and illness of populations, plays a crucial role in understanding the
Toxin-Antitoxin Assay and pathogenicity tests
The toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is a stress-response system used by bacteria. It comprises two components: the toxin, which can inhibit