Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation, resulting in microvascular thrombi formation, consumption […]
Dermatophytes
Introduction Dermatophytes are a group of fungi that primarily infect keratinized tissues of the skin, hair, and nails, causing a
Collection, Preservation, and Processing of Samples for Parasitic Diagnosis
Parasitic infections can cause various diseases in humans, affecting various body systems. Accurate diagnosis of these infections is crucial for
Collection, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Samples for Viral Diagnosis
Introduction Accurate and timely viral diagnosis relies heavily on properly handling clinical specimens from collection to laboratory processing. The integrity
Biochemistry I Yr
Preparation of Solutions and different type of concentrations in a Biochemistry Lab
Introduction laboratory, there are five main methods used for calculating and preparing solutions. Concentration in moles per liter, molar concentration,
Biochemistry III Yr
Chloride
Introduction Chloride (Cl⁻) is the major extracellular anion in the body, essential for maintaining fluid balance, acid-base equilibrium, and electrical
Biochemistry III Yr
Calcium
Introduction Calcium is an essential mineral in the body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction,
Biochemistry III Yr
Inorganic phosphate
Introduction Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is vital in numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, bone mineralization, and acid-base balance. It is
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGPT
Introduction Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is a liver enzyme primarily involved in amino
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGOT
Introduction SGOT is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to form
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
HDL Cholesterol
Introduction HDL cholesterol represents a fraction of total serum cholesterol carried by HDL particles. HDL particles are small, dense, and
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
Triglycerides
Introduction Triglycerides are esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids, serving as the primary storage form of fat in
Biochemistry III Yr
Serum bilirubin
Introduction The Serum bilirubin test is a crucial diagnostic tool to evaluate the health of the liver, bile ducts, and
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
Serum creatinine
Introduction Serum creatinine is a key biochemical parameter used to evaluate renal function. Creatinine is a waste product formed by
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Laboratory Investigations for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation,
Cervical cytology
Cervical Cytology Cervical cytology is a diagnostic and screening method to evaluate cellular changes in the cervix. It is primarily
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections commonly transmitted through sexual activity. Various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can cause
Gonorrhea
Introduction Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It has significant health implications
Syphilis
Introduction Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact but can also
Museum technique
Museum techniques in histopathology are meticulous procedures used to preserve, display, and maintain biological specimens for long-term use in educational,
Ultramicrotomy
Ultramicrotomy is a precision technique used in electron microscopy to prepare ultra-thin slices (sections) of specimens. These thin sections are
Electron microscope
Electron microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that uses electron beams instead of light to achieve high-resolution images of specimens
Enzyme histochemistry demonstration
Enzyme histochemistry is a method for localizing and visualizing enzymatic activities within tissue sections. Here’s a detailed overview of the
Neuropathology techniques
Neuropathology techniques involve specialized methodologies for examining central and peripheral nervous system tissues, primarily to diagnose diseases such as tumors,
Tissue requiring special treatment i.e eye ball, B.M. biopsy
In histopathology, certain tissues require specialized treatment due to their unique composition or sensitivity to degradation. These tissues include the
Candida
Introduction Candida is a genus of yeast-like fungi that is commonly found in the human microbiota, particularly in the mucous
Typhoid Fever
Introduction Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi), a bacterium primarily affecting humans. It is transmitted
Anthrax
Introduction Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, gram-positive rod. The spores of B. anthracis can
Chlamydia
Chlamydia species are significant pathogens responsible for various infections, especially in the urogenital and respiratory tracts. Understanding their characteristics, pathogenic
Rickettsia
Rickettsia species are significant pathogens that cause febrile illnesses, often transmitted by arthropod vectors. Understanding their characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and