Actinomyces
Introduction Actinomyces are a group of filamentous, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, facultative anaerobic (or microaerophilic) bacteria that are part of the normal […]
BMLT
Mycetoma fungi
Introduction Mycetoma fungi is a chronic, granulomatous infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes deeper structures like bone. It
Dematiaceous fungi
Introduction Dematiaceous fungi are a heterogeneous group of melanized fungi characterized by the presence of dark, pigmented hyphae and spores
Paracoccidioides
Introduction Paracoccidioides is a dimorphic fungus that causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic fungal infection endemic to certain parts of Latin
Coccidioides
Introduction Coccidioides is a dimorphic fungi that causes coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever. The disease primarily affects the lungs
Blastomyces
Introduction Blastomyces is a genus of dimorphic fungi that causes blastomycosis, a systemic fungal infection. The primary species causing human
Histoplasmosis
Introduction Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus that can exist as a mold
Sporotrichosis
Introduction Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic fungus that can infect humans and animals. This
Laboratory Diagnosis of Intestinal Nematode Infections
Introduction Intestinal nematodes (roundworms) are among the most common parasitic infections worldwide, affecting millions of people, particularly in tropical and
Strongyloides stercoralis
Introduction Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode (roundworm) that causes strongyloidiasis. It is unique among intestinal helminths because it can
Ancylostoma hookworms
Introduction Ancylostoma is a genus of parasitic hookworms that infect the human intestine, primarily causing hookworm disease. The infection is
Enterobius vermicularis
Introduction Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as the pinworm, is one of the most common intestinal nematode parasites affecting humans, particularly
Ascaris lumbricoides
Introduction Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the most common intestinal nematodes (roundworms) that infect humans. It is the causative agent
Medical Helminthology
Introduction Medical Helminthology is a branch of parasitology that studies helminths, parasitic worms that cause human diseases. Helminths are multicellular,
Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
Malaria diagnosis is a critical step in managing the disease, particularly in endemic areas where timely and accurate detection can
Entamoeba gingivalis
Introduction Entamoeba gingivalis is a protozoan parasite that primarily resides in the oral cavity. It was the first amoeba discovered
Trichomonas vaginalis
Introduction Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia
Introduction Intestinal protozoa infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica (responsible for amoebiasis) and Giardia lamblia (causing giardiasis) are significant public health
Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis
Introduction Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis) is a protozoan parasite and one of the most
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex disorder characterized by widespread coagulation system activation, resulting in microvascular thrombi formation, consumption
Dermatophytes
Introduction Dermatophytes are a group of fungi that primarily infect keratinized tissues of the skin, hair, and nails, causing a
Collection, Preservation, and Processing of Samples for Parasitic Diagnosis
Parasitic infections can cause various diseases in humans, affecting various body systems. Accurate diagnosis of these infections is crucial for
Collection, Transport, Processing, and Storage of Samples for Viral Diagnosis
Introduction Accurate and timely viral diagnosis relies heavily on properly handling clinical specimens from collection to laboratory processing. The integrity
Biochemistry I Yr
Preparation of Solutions and different type of concentrations in a Biochemistry Lab
Introduction laboratory, there are five main methods used for calculating and preparing solutions. Concentration in moles per liter, molar concentration,
Biochemistry III Yr
Chloride
Introduction Chloride (Cl⁻) is the major extracellular anion in the body, essential for maintaining fluid balance, acid-base equilibrium, and electrical
Biochemistry III Yr
Calcium
Introduction Calcium is an essential mineral in the body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction,
Biochemistry III Yr
Inorganic phosphate
Introduction Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is vital in numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, bone mineralization, and acid-base balance. It is
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGPT
Introduction Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is a liver enzyme primarily involved in amino
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGOT
Introduction SGOT is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between aspartate and α-ketoglutarate to form
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry
HDL Cholesterol
Introduction HDL cholesterol represents a fraction of total serum cholesterol carried by HDL particles. HDL particles are small, dense, and