Rheumatological diseases and investigations
Introduction Rheumatology is a branch of medicine that deals with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affecting the joints, muscles, bones, and […]
BMLT
Virology - III Yr
Reverse Passive Hemagglutination Assay
Introduction Reverse Passive Hemagglutination (RPHA) is a serological assay used to detect and quantify antigens in clinical and research settings.
Single Radial Hemolysis Assay
Introduction The Single Radial Hemolysis (SRH) Assay is a serological technique for detecting virus-specific antibodies, particularly against hemolytic viruses. It
Hemadsorption Assay
Introduction The Hemadsorption Assay (HAD) is a fundamental virological method used to detect viruses that express hemagglutinins (HA) on the
Virology - III Yr
Hemagglutination Inhibition assay
Introduction The Hemagglutination Inhibition assay (HAI) is a serological technique widely used in virology to detect and quantify antibodies against
Virology - III Yr
Hemagglutination Assay
Introduction Hemagglutination Assay (HA) is a widely used laboratory technique for detecting and quantifying viruses, antibodies, and other biomolecules that
Cardiovascular System
Introduction The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a vital organ system that facilitates the continuous movement
Parasitology - II Yr
Casons test
Introduction Cason’s test is a biochemical test used to detect sphingomyelin, a major phospholipid found in biological membranes, especially in
Egg counting techniques
Introduction Parasitic infections caused by helminths (worms) and protozoa significantly impact human and animal health worldwide. The detection and quantification
Cytology - II Yr
Cytolologic screening and quality control in cytology laboratory
Introduction Cytologic screening is crucial for detecting cellular abnormalities, particularly in cancer diagnosis, infection detection, and other pathological conditions. The
Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain
Introduction Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain is a widely used histochemical technique highlighting glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and other carbohydrate-rich tissue structures.
Alkaline phosphatase
Introduction Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters at an alkaline pH, releasing inorganic
Papanicolaou Stain
Introduction The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most important cytological staining techniques used in diagnostic pathology. Dr. George Papanicolaou
May Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) staining technique
Introduction Cytological staining plays a fundamental role in clinical diagnostics by enhancing the visualization of cellular components. The May Grünwald
Respiratory system
Introduction The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, enabling the body to take in oxygen for metabolic processes and
Laboratory Diagnosis of Superficial Dermatophyte Infections
Superficial dermatophyte infections involve the skin, hair, or nails and are caused by dermatophytes belonging to genera such as Trichophyton,
Biochemistry III Yr
Analysis of calculi
Introduction Calculi (stones) are hard deposits formed from minerals and organic materials that precipitate in the body. These deposits commonly
Hematology III Yr
Safety measures for handling radio-isotopes
General Principles of Radiation Safety The following principles form the foundation of radiation protection: ALARA Principle (As Low As Reasonably
Hematology III Yr
Uses of Radioisotopes
Introduction Radioisotopes, also known as radioactive isotopes, are unstable atoms that emit radiation as they decay into stable forms. In
Cytogenetic Studies
Introduction Cytogenetic studies are crucial for understanding chromosomal abnormalities, gene mapping, and genetic disorders. These techniques involve the analysis of
Platelet Function Tests
Introduction Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, anucleate cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. They play
Fibrinolysis
Introduction Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the liver. It is an essential component of the coagulation
Muscular System
Introduction The muscular system comprises specialized tissues capable of contracting and generating force. It enables movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints,
Bones
Introduction Bones are specialized connective tissues that form the internal framework of the body. They are vital for multiple roles,
Automation in clinical biochemistry
Introduction Automation in clinical biochemistry refers to using advanced technologies, robotic systems, and computerized equipment to perform routine and specialized
Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Organization
A clinical biochemistry laboratory plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases by analyzing body fluids like blood, urine,
Management and maintenance in a clinical biochemistry laboratory
Efficient record management and maintenance in a clinical biochemistry laboratory are essential for ensuring the accuracy of diagnostics, compliance with
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Introduction Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a diagnostic procedure widely used in medical practice to assess lesions and masses.
Cytology - III Yr
Hormonal Assessment with Cytological Techniques and Sex Chromatin Analysis
Introduction Hormonal assessment is critical to understanding physiological and pathological conditions in the human body. Cytological techniques are pivotal in
TPHA and FTA-ABS
Introduction The TPHA and FTA-ABS tests are confirmatory tests for syphilis after a non-treponemal test (such as VDRL) shows a