Anticoagulants
Introduction Anticoagulants play a crucial role in ensuring that blood samples remain in a fluid state for testing, storage, and […]
DMLT
Leukaemia
Leukaemia Leukaemia is a type of cancer originating in the hematopoietic tissues, particularly the bone marrow, leading to the overproduction
Anaemia
Definition of Anaemia Anaemia is a reduction in the quantity or functionality of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in
Composition and Functions of Blood
Introduction Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting
Determination of Blood urea
AIM: Determination of Blood urea Non-enzymatic method Principle of Diacetyl monoxime method Under acidic conditions, when urea is heated with
Determination of blood sugar
AIM: Determination of blood sugar Introduction Blood sugar, also called blood glucose, is the amount of glucose (a type of
Determination of PCV
AIM: Determination of PCV (Packed Cell Volume), also known as hematocrit (HCT) Microhematocrit Method Principle The principle of the microhematocrit
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
AIM: Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Principle The ESR is based on the principle of gravity and the aggregation
Determination of Hemoglobin
AIM: Determination of Hemoglobin Principle of Sahli’s method When blood is added to 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, hemoglobin is converted
Lipid Profile Test
Introduction A lipid profile test is a routine blood test that measures different types of lipids (fats) in the blood.
Cardiac Profile Test
Introduction A cardiac profile test is a comprehensive panel of blood tests designed to evaluate the heart’s overall health and
Microscopic examination of urine analysis
Introduction The microscopic examination of urine analysis is a crucial part of a complete urinalysis. This test identifies invisible elements
Blood Banks
Introduction to Blood Banks Blood is a vital component of human life, essential for oxygen transport, immunity, and overall physiological
Kidney Function Tests
Introduction to Kidney Function Tests Kidney function tests are a group of laboratory tests used to assess how well the
Semen analysis
Introduction Semen analysis is a test performed to assess the quantity and quality of sperm within a male’s ejaculate. It’s
Nervous System
Introduction The nervous system is a highly specialized and complex network of cells and organs that coordinates and integrates the
Female Genital System
Introduction The female genital system is a complex organ system that plays a key role in reproduction, sexual function, and
Male Genital System
Introduction The male genital system is a complex and highly specialized anatomical structure responsible for reproduction, sexual function, and the
Urinary System
The urinary system, also called the renal system, is responsible for filtering and eliminating waste products from the body while maintaining the
Digestive system
Introduction The alimentary system, also known as the digestive system, is responsible for the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients,
Rheumatological diseases and investigations
Introduction Rheumatology is a branch of medicine that deals with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affecting the joints, muscles, bones, and
Cardiovascular System
Introduction The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is a vital organ system that facilitates the continuous movement
Papanicolaou Stain
Introduction The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most important cytological staining techniques used in diagnostic pathology. Dr. George Papanicolaou
Respiratory system
Introduction The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange, enabling the body to take in oxygen for metabolic processes and
Muscular System
Introduction The muscular system comprises specialized tissues capable of contracting and generating force. It enables movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints,
Bones
Introduction Bones are specialized connective tissues that form the internal framework of the body. They are vital for multiple roles,
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Introduction Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a diagnostic procedure widely used in medical practice to assess lesions and masses.
Microbiology III Yr, Medical Microbiology, Pathology – II - 2nd Yr
VDRL Test
Introduction The VDRL test was developed as a screening test for syphilis and is particularly used to detect secondary syphilis
C-reactive protein
Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of inflammation, synthesized by the liver in response to cytokines, especially interleukin-6
Biochemistry III Yr, Biochemistry, Biochemistry - 2nd Yr
SGPT
Introduction Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), also known as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), is a liver enzyme primarily involved in amino