Morphology of Normal Blood Cells and Their Identification
Introduction A peripheral blood smear is a vital tool for evaluating the morphology and characteristics of blood cells. The three […]
Hematology I Yr
Hemocytometer and Hemocytometry
Structure of a Hemocytometer A traditional hemocytometer and Hemocytometry consists of a thick glass microscope slide with a grid etched
Blood Sample Collection
Introduction Blood sample collection is a vital procedure in laboratory medicine for diagnosing, monitoring, and predicting diseases. The accuracy of
Romanowsky dyes
Introduction Romanowsky dyes are a group of polychromatic staining techniques that are fundamental to diagnostic haematology. These stains are primarily
Blood Smear Preparation and Staining
Introduction Peripheral blood smear examination is a fundamental hematological technique used to study the morphology of blood cells. It helps
Chemical examination of urine (Part -2)
Introduction Urine analysis, also known as urinalysis, is one of the most commonly performed diagnostic laboratory investigations. It is carried
Haemoglobinometry
Introduction Haemoglobinometry is the quantitative measurement of haemoglobin concentration in blood. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing respiratory pigment present in red
Physical Examination of urine (Part -1)
Introduction Routine urine analysis is a commonly performed laboratory investigation used for screening and diagnosis of various diseases. It is
Physiological Variations in Haematological Parameters
Physiological Variations A Comprehensive Guide for Students, Clinicians, and Laboratory Professionals Physiological Variations in Haematological Parameters are essential indicators of
Introduction to hematology and Laboratory Organization
Introduction Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases.
Anticoagulants
Introduction Anticoagulants play a crucial role in ensuring that blood samples remain in a fluid state for testing, storage, and
Formation of Blood
Introduction Formation of blood or hematopoiesis is the process by which all types of blood cells are produced and developed
Composition and Functions of Blood
Introduction Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting
Determination of Clotting Time
AIM: Determination of Clotting Time Capillary method Principle The principle behind the capillary method is that blood, when exposed to
Determination of Bleeding Time
AIM: Determination of Bleeding Time Duke Method Principle: The Duke method is a simple test to measure the time taken
Determination of Reticulocyte Count
AIM: Determination of Reticulocyte Count Principle The supravital staining method is used for reticulocyte count. Blood is mixed with the
Determination of Platelet Count
AIM: Determination of Platelet Count (Thrombocyte) Principle The total platelet count is a blood test used to measure the number
Determination of PCV
AIM: Determination of PCV (Packed Cell Volume), also known as hematocrit (HCT) Microhematocrit Method Principle The principle of the microhematocrit
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
AIM: Determination of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Principle The ESR is based on the principle of gravity and the aggregation
Determination of Hemoglobin
AIM: Determination of Hemoglobin Principle of Sahli’s method When blood is added to 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, hemoglobin is converted
Microscopic examination of urine analysis
Introduction The microscopic examination of urine analysis is a crucial part of a complete urinalysis. This test identifies invisible elements
Semen analysis
Introduction Semen analysis is a test performed to assess the quantity and quality of sperm within a male’s ejaculate. It’s
Hematology I Yr, Pathology – I - 2nd Yr
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a crucial medical diagnostic tool, especially for neurological conditions. The analysis of CSF can provide valuable